Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Relational algebra in DBMS is a procedural query language used to perform operations on relational databases. It provides a foundation for retrieving and manipulating data, forming the theoretical basis for SQL and other query languages. Relational algebra defines a set of operations that take one or more relations (tables) as input and produce a new […]

In database management systems (DBMS), understanding the difference between view and table is crucial for efficient database design and querying. Both views and tables are essential components, but they serve different purposes and operate differently. While a table is a physical structure storing data, a view is a virtual representation of data derived from tables.

Codd’s Rules in DBMS are a set of 12 guidelines proposed by Dr. Edgar F. Codd to define and evaluate the characteristics of a relational database management system (RDBMS). These rules ensure that a database follows relational principles, providing consistency, efficiency, and reliability. While most modern RDBMSs comply with these rules to varying degrees, they

Referential integrity in DBMS is a fundamental concept that ensures the consistency and accuracy of relationships between tables in a relational database. It prevents orphaned records and ensures that foreign keys in one table always reference valid primary keys in another table. This rule is critical for maintaining logical consistency across data and avoiding data

In database management systems (DBMS), integrity constraints are rules that ensure the accuracy, consistency, and validity of data. These constraints enforce standards that protect the database from invalid data entry and maintain the relationships between entities. Without integrity constraints, data redundancy, inconsistency, and corruption could occur, leading to unreliable database systems. This article explores the